RESEARCH:
Advantages
of Deep Sea Port and Warm Water Sea Ports:
Table 1:
Port type
|
Advantages
|
Examples
of ports
|
Deep Sea Port
|
1.
Deep water port is compatible with the
large heavy loaded ships which may require the water to be 30 feet deep or
even more.
2.
Ship owners and shipping lines are
increasingly shifting to acquiring these types of vessels with the benefit of
maximizing trade and profits and boost the economy of the nation.
|
Port of
Shanghai—China
|
Port of
Singapore—Singapore
|
||
Warm Water Sea ports
|
1.
A warm water port is a port that's water
doesn't freeze during winter.
2.
Such ports help to a great extent to boost
the economy of the nation.
|
Saint
Petersburg Russia
|
Gawadar Pakistan
|
Task 7:
Find out if the Gwadar is Deep Sea Port and/
or a Warm Water Sea Port?
Ans:
Gwadar Port is Deep Sea Port sitatuated on
the shores of the Arabian Sea in the city of Gwadar, located in the Pakistani
province of Balochistan. The port is located 533 km from Pakistan's largest
city, Karachi, and is approximately 120 km from the Iranian border. It is
located 380 km (240 ml) away from Oman, and near key oil shipping lanes from
the Persian Gulf. The greater surrounding region is home to around two-thirds
of the world's proven oil reserves. It is also the nearest warm-water seaport
to the landlocked, but hydrocarbon rich, Central Asian Republics, as well as
Afghanistan.
Task 8:
The
Advantages of Gawadar Port than other ports:
Chabahar and
other ports are not competitor, because Gwadar has an advantage by being a deep
sea port and the expansion of Chabahar would in fact expand trade through Gwadar.
Larger vessels that cannot dock at Chabahar could dock at Gwadar and the cargo
transshipped to Chabahar.
Figure 1
Task 9: Analyze
the above Map:
1: Identify which one is the Actual Route and
which is the future route?
Ans: The old or
Actual trade Sea route is From Persian Gulf and Eastern Africa to Honk Kong and
China is very long distance as shown in the Above map.
But the
Future trade route is Gwadar to Kashgar (China). Which is known as CPEC?
2: Is the
future route plan is more beneficial than present Sea route? Why?
The future
trade route is more beneficial than present one.
Because it
will Boost the Trade.
The distance
between China City Kashgar and Gulf will Shrink to about 2500 km. Comparison
shown in the Map below.
3: Who is
the new beneficiary of the future route plan?
This route will
increase the rate of business and trade of China, Pakistan and the Gulf countries.
It will boost the economy of this region. But the China could get the more benefits
from this Route because …
TASK
10: Figure 2
Task 11: Analyze
the map in Figure 2 and respond the following:
1: Why is there
a need for multiple roads plans?
To avoid the
traffic jam and due to some security risks.
2: How will it
will help trade within Pakistan?
The volume
of trade between Pakistan and China will increased.
3: Why is there
single road from Islamabad to Kashgar?
This route passes
from huge mountains and glaciers of northern areas. So there is only one road is
there passing through Khunjerab pass.
4: Predict the
advantages Pakistan will enjoy on the accomplishment of this plan?
•
Benefits The CPEC will open doors to immense economic opportunities not
only to Pakistan but will physically connect China to its markets in Asia,
Europe and beyond. Almost 80% of the China’s oil is currently transported from
Strait of Malacca to Shanghai, (distance is almost 16,000 km and takes 2-3
months), with Gwadar becoming
operational, the distance would reduce to less than 5,000 km.
• If all goes well and on schedule, of the
21 agreements on energy– including gas, coal and solar energy– 14 will be able
to provide up to 10,400 megawatts (MW) of energy by March 2018.
• According to China Daily, these projects
would provide up to 16,400 MW of energy altogether. As part of infrastructure
projects worth approximately $11 billion, and 1,100 kilometer long motorway
will be constructed between the cities of Karachi and Lahore.
• 1: While the Karakoram Highway between
Rawalpindi and the Chinese border will be completely reconstructed and
overhauled.
• (2)The Karachi–Peshawar main railway
line will also be upgraded to allow for train travel at up to 160 kilometers
per hour by December 2019.
• (3) Pakistan's railway network will also
be extended to eventually connect to China's Southern Xinjiang Railway in
Kashgar.
• (4) A network of pipelines to transport
liquefied natural gas and oil will also be laid as part of the project,
including a $2.5 billion pipeline between Gwadar and Nawabshah to transport gas
from Iran.
• (5) Oil from the Middle East could be
offloaded at Gwadar and transported to China through the corridor, cutting the
current 12,000 km journey to 2,395 km.
5: Predict the
disadvantages Pakistan will bear on the accomplishment of this plan?
Task 12: Read
an article on the advantages of trade for a developing country.
How will
CPEC boost Pakistan economy?
According to Pakistan Economic Survey
2014-15, the volume of trade between Pakistan and China has increased to $16
billion. China’s exports to Pakistan increased by ten percent during the five
years from 2009- 10 to 2014-15. As a result, China’s share in Pakistan’s total
exports has gradually picked up from four percent in 2009-10 to nine percent
during the fiscal year 2014-15.The most recent milestone achieved in this
bilateral relationship is the signing of Memorandum of Understanding on the
construction of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). CPEC is a 3,218
kilometer long route, to be built over next several years, consisting of
highways, railways and
Pipelines.
·
The actual estimated cost of the project is expected to be US$75
billion, out of which US$45 billion plus will ensure that the corridor becomes
operational by 2020. The remaining investment will be spent on energy
generation and infrastructure development.
·
The much advertised US$45 billion China-Pakistan Economic Corridor will
pass through the beautiful Gilgit Baltistan province in the north which will
connect Kashgar in China’s western province Xinjiang to rest of the world
through Chinese-operated Gwadar port in the country's south.
·
This mega project is expected to take the bilateral relationship between
Pakistan and China to new heights, it’s a beginning of a journey which hopes to
transform the economy and help bridge Pakistan’s power shortfall.
·
The CPEC project has been divided into phases, the first phase being the
completion of Gwadar International Airport and major developments of Gwadar
Port. This phase is expected to be completed by the year 2017.
· The project also includes the expansion of
Karakoram Highway- the road that connects China with Pakistan and placement of
fiber-optic line ensuring better communication between the two countries.
·
It is estimated that if all the planned projects are implemented, the
value of those projects would exceed all foreign direct investment in Pakistan
since 1970 and would be equivalent to 17% of Pakistan's 2015 gross domestic
product.
·
It is further estimated the CPEC project will create some 700,000 direct
jobs during the period 2015–2030 and add up to 2.5 percentage points to the
country's growth rate.
·
Benefits The CPEC will open doors to immense economic opportunities not
only to Pakistan but will physically connect China to its markets in Asia,
Europe and beyond. Almost 80% of the China’s oil is currently transported from
Strait of Malacca to Shanghai, (distance is almost 16,000 km and takes 2-3
months), with Gwadar becoming
operational, the distance would reduce to less than 5,000 km.
·
If all goes well and on schedule, of the 21 agreements on energy–
including gas, coal and solar energy– 14 will be able to provide up to 10,400
megawatts (MW) of energy by March 2018.
·
According to China Daily, these projects would provide up to 16,400 MW
of energy altogether. As part of infrastructure projects worth approximately
$11 billion, and 1,100 kilometer long motorway will be constructed between the
cities of Karachi and Lahore.
·
1: While the Karakoram Highway between Rawalpindi and the Chinese border
will be completely reconstructed and overhauled.
·
(2)The Karachi–Peshawar main railway line will also be upgraded to allow
for train travel at up to 160 kilometers per hour by December 2019.
·
(3) Pakistan's railway network will also be extended to eventually
connect to China's Southern Xinjiang Railway in Kashgar.
·
(4) A network of pipelines to transport liquefied natural gas and oil
will also be laid as part of the project, including a $2.5 billion pipeline between
Gwadar and Nawabshah to transport gas from Iran.
·
(5) Oil from the Middle East could be offloaded at Gwadar and
transported to China through the corridor, cutting the current 12,000 km
journey to 2,395 km. It will act as a bridge for the new Maritime Silk Route
that envisages linking 3 billion people in Asia, Africa and Europe, part of a
trans-Eurasian project. When fully operational, Gwadar will promote the
economic development of Pakistan and become a gateway for Central Asian
countries, including Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, linking Sri Lanka, Iran and
Xinjiang to undertake marine transport.
·
(6) Over $33 billion worth of energy infrastructure will be constructed
by private consortia to help alleviate Pakistan's chronic energy shortages.
